Ti3C2Tx constrained Sb2S3 composite biomass-derived carbon ribbon film achieves stable sodium storage for flexible quasi-solid full-battery

Abstract

Optimizing electrode structure, reducing the proportion of inactive substances, and fabricating a flexible free-standing electrode without fluid collection are desirable to enhance the energy density, fast charging, and cycling stability of flexible batteries. In this study, we utilized the biological characteristics of Aspergillus niger to synthesize one-dimensional (1D) Sb2S3 nanoparticle composite N-doped C ribbons. Subsequently, vacuum filtration was employed to blend and assemble these 1D composite C ribbons with Ti3C2Tx nanosheets into a free-standing flexible anode for Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Using 1D C ribbons can effectively inhibit the stacking of 2D MXenes, thereby facilitating the penetration of Na+ into Sb2S3@NCR through the interlamellar pores. Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the MXene layers were not only physically confined but also effectively suppressed polysulfide diffusion through chemical confinement. Consequently, the energy density and cycling stability of the Sb2S3@NCR composite electrode were enhanced. The Sb2S3@NCR/MXene||CGPFE||NVP@CNF full battery, consisting of an Sb2S3@NCR/MXene anode, free standing NVP@CNF cathode, and PVDF-HFP fiber quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte prepared via electrospinning, achieved 1,000 stable cycles at a current density of 1 Ag−1. Additionally, the flexible quasi-solid-state bag-type battery could power an LED lamp at a bending angle of 0°–180°.