Abstract
Highly dense and well-defined TiO2 nanoflowers (NFs) were grown by the hydrothermal process on a titanium (Ti) coated FTO substrate. The Ti layer with a thickness of ~500–600 nm was deposited on FTO at room temperature with a pressure of ~5 mTorr using a Ti-source through RF magnetic sputtering. The unique TiO2 NF thin film substrate was applied as a photoanode for the fabrication of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs). Each NF was made of uniform clover leaf-like petals of an average diameter of ~80–100 nm. The synthesized TiO2 NFs possessed a pure anatase phase with good crystal quality. The fabricated DSSC with TiO2 NF thin film photoanode accomplished a reasonably good overall solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of ~3.64% with a high short circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of ~9.6 mA cm−2. The improved performance and photocurrent density were explained by the charge transport time, diffusion coefficient, diffusion length and charge collection efficiency of the fabricated DSSC.
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