Abstract
In this article, we propose and demonstrate a spectrum-to-space mapping principle for localizing multiple wireless nodes in a simultaneous and single-shot fashion at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Spectrum-to-space mapping is achieved through two dual-port chip integrated waveguide (CIW)-based leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). Interfacing with the two LWAs, we integrate two transmitting and receiving chains operating between 360- and 400-GHz range in a single chip realized in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process. Utilizing the carefully engineered dispersive nature of the LWA and its frequency-dependent radiation patterns, we create unique spectrum-to-space calibration maps for both 1-D and 2-D angular localizations. The measured one-shot localization error variance is less than 1° in 1-D space with 200-Hz-resolution bandwidth (BW) and less than 2° in 2-D space for a 20-Hz-resolution BW. The high-resolution nature of the localization principle in a single-shot fashion makes this approach attractive for multi-wireless node localization, link discovery, beam-forming, beam-management, and beam-optimization methods.
Highlights
T HERE is significant growth expected in the number and the density of connected devices as the network transformation continues with 5G and beyond
This work takes a different approach where the localization information is extracted at the “edge” node through local measurement of the ambient spectrum that the transmitter uniquely projects onto the space, eliminating the need for time-intensive iterative beamforming optimization
In order to provide the capability to full 1-D hemispherical coverage, we incorporate two leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) that are excited from opposite ends
Summary
T HERE is significant growth expected in the number and the density of connected devices as the network transformation continues with 5G and beyond. Evaluation of the received signal with overlapping settings and agile-link beam hashing approach, this complexity can be reduced to O(K log N), where N is the total number of angular locations and K is the number of paths traveled by the signal in each hashing Each of these iterative approaches has its distinctive tradeoffs among different metrics, such as latency, energy consumption, and achievable optimal SNR. This work takes a different approach where the localization information is extracted at the “edge” node through local measurement of the ambient spectrum that the transmitter uniquely projects onto the space, eliminating the need for time-intensive iterative beamforming optimization. Utilizing the uniqueness of the spectrumto-space mapping, multiple edge nodes can simultaneously localize themselves in a single-shot fashion through localized spectrum sensing This can allow us to circumvent the latency bottleneck for the iterative beam scanning process, establishing one-shot optimal beam-forming codes across multiple wireless nodes.
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