Abstract

Thyroxine hormones visualized by the cryo-EM structure of bovine thyroglobulin.

Highlights

  • TG has been extensively studied, its three-dimensional structure could not be determined for decades

  • The cycle begins with the intake of iodine from the bloodstream into thyroid follicles by the Na+/IÀ symporter (Dai et al, 1996), where tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin (TG) are iodinated for iodine storage and hormone production

  • D (Kim et al, 2021), we see for the first time the intermediate of thyroxine hormone formation, the precursor of T4, composed of two iodinated tyrosine residues, together with all iodine atoms resolved in the map (Fig. 1)

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Summary

Introduction

TG has been extensively studied, its three-dimensional structure could not be determined for decades. The coupling of two iodinated tyrosine residues forms the thyroid hormones T4 and T3, called thyroxines. The human TG structures were 93% complete, the obtained density maps lacked the resolution that could enable insight into such structural details.

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