Abstract
Thyroid nodules are uncommon in children. Most pediatric thyroid nodules are benign, but the risk of malignancy is higher than in adults. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer in children, followed by follicular carcinoma. Risk factors for thyroid cancer in children include radiation exposure and certain genetic syndromes. The evaluation and management of pediatric thyroid nodules and cancer is similar to that in adults. While children frequently have more advanced disease at diagnosis than adults, their long-term prognosis is excellent. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is rare in children and usually occurs in the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.
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