Abstract
The study was carried out to estimate thyroid hormones (T3, T4 and TSH) level in diabetic patients and to compare it with normal controls in an attempt to find out the importance of thyroid hormone estimation in diabetic cases. Sixty cases of diabetes mellitus who attended Diabetic Clinic, RIMS during the period from October 2008 to March 2010 were taken as the cases and 30 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Serum total Tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone and blood sugar were estimated in the cases and controls. The study showed that diabetes was more prevalent in the age group of 51-65 years, and more in males (52%). The mean fasting blood sugar (126.17 ± 37.92 mg%) and serum TSH level (4.58 ± 2.90 mIU/L)were increased significantly (r=0.884, p>0.05) whereas serumT4 level (5.79 ± 4.39 μg/dl) was decreased significantly in diabetic cases when compared with controls. Mean T3 level of diabetic cases was higher than controls but it was insignificant. Diabetes mellitus cases with statistically significant higher TSH value have complications like hypertension, retinopathy, nephropathy etc. A statistically significant, negative correlation (r=-0.942, p<0.05) was seen between Serum T4 and blood sugar in the cases. Therefore, routine assessment of thyroid hormone level in addition to other biochemical variables in the early stage of diabetes will help in the management of these patients.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a group of aetiologically different metabolic defects characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion as well as insulin action or both
It was observed that there was an increased frequency of thyroid dysfunction with advancing age and a higher prevalence of thyroid disease in women compared to men and in diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic
Our study showed a clear picture of hypothyroidism in diabetes mellitus study group
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a group of aetiologically different metabolic defects characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion as well as insulin action or both. Diabetes and thyroid disorders have been shown to mutually influence each other and associations between both conditions have long been reported [2]. Several reports documented a higher than normal prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the diabetic population. A prevalence of 12.3% was reported among Greek diabetic patients [5] and 16% of Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes were found to have thyroid dysfunction [6]. In Jordan, a study reported that thyroid dysfunction was present in 12.5% of type 2 diabetic patients [7]. Thyroid disease is a pathological state that adversely affects diabetic control and is commonly found in most forms of DM which is associated with advanced age in type 2 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in type 1diabetes. This study has been carried out to find out any thyroid dysfunction in diabetic cases and the importance of its estimation in diabetic patients
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