Thyroid function in “Yusho” patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

Abstract

Thyroid function was investigated in 123 yusho patients who were exposed to toxic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 16 years ago. In yusho patients, compared with the patients without evidence of yusho or normal controls, the serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly higher, while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels measured by sensitive assay were normal. There was no difference in serum levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) between the two groups and the prevalence of positive antithyroid autoantibodies was almost the same, suggesting that hyperthyroxinemia in yusho patients was not due to increased TBG binding or abnormal autoimmune mechanism. Serum free T4 levels, however, were not elevated, although T4/TBG ratio was significantly higher. The thyroid hormone levels were higher than normal value in 4 of 123 yusho patients but only 1 case had clinical symptoms such as excessive perspiration. Despite higher serum PCBs in yusho patients, there was no correlation between PCB levels and levels of T3, T4, or TSH. The present results suggest hyperthyroxinemia without obvious clinical symptoms in yusho patients long after exposure to PCBs.