Abstract
The immune system is the core defense against cancer development and progression. Failure of the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells plays an immense role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The paramount achievement in immunotherapy particularly – Immune Check-point Inhibitors (ICI) over the recent decade has brought about major paradigm shift in cancer treatment. ICIs, represented mainly by inhibitory monoclonal antibodies – anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (ipilimumab), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1-pembrolizumab/nivolumab/cemiplimab), Anti-PD-1 Ligand molecules (PD-L-1- atezolizumab/avelumab/durvalumab) reactivate the immune system against tumor cells but can also trigger a myriad of autoimmune side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immunotherapy related adverse events typically have a delayed onset and prolonged duration compared to adverse events from chemotherapy, and its effective management depends on early recognition and prompt intervention with immune suppression and/or immunomodulatory strategies.The present review aims to raise awareness about thyroid side effects of immune check-point inhibitors to physicians who are taking care of cancer patients and to specialists - mainly oncologists and endocrinologists who are urged to cooperate for the management of thyroid immunotoxicity.
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