Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice, and about half of the population with thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed. There is a fairly wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, which can be identified by patterns of thyroid function test results. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the population varies in different studies. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 8th to April 8th, 2017, among patients who requested for the thyroid function test in an endemic goiter area at the Gondar Hospital, University of Gondar. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Three milliliters of blood samples was collected in a plain test tube and centrifuged for serum separation. The thyroid function test was done by using the MINI-VIDAS automation following the manufacturer manual (Setema PLC, Italy). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were used for data presentation, and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result Of the total 384 study participants, 346 (90.1%) were females and the study participants' mean age was 38 ± 13.9 years. The overall thyroid dysfunction prevalence was 26.3% (101): 1.6% was identified as subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.5% hypothyroidism, 9.6% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 14.6% hyperthyroidism, and 23.4% had goiter. Furthermore, for cytological pattern analysis, 144 study participants who fulfilled indications for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in thyroid nodules were included. Of the total, 3 (2.1%) had thyroid carcinoma, 46 (32%) had cystic degenerated follicular cells, and 82 (57%) had nodular thyroid goiter. In addition, a clinical presentation of a total of 144 study participants, showed lymphadenites in 7 participants (4.8%), hypertension in 9 (6.2%), and cardiac failure in 12 (8.3%). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high. The majority of thyroid dysfunction cases were newly diagnosed and more common in females. In addition, the most common disorders were subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Follicular cell with cyst degeneration and thyroid nodular goiter were the predominant FNAC findings. For early diagnosis and appropriate intervention in goiter endemic areas, the thyroid function test should be closely monitored.
Highlights
Background. yroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice, and about half of the population with thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed. ere is a fairly wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, which can be identified by patterns of thyroid function test results. e prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the population varies in different studies
Of the total 384 study participants, 346 (90.1%) were females and the study participants’ mean age was 38 ± 13.9 years. e overall thyroid dysfunction prevalence was 26.3% (101): 1.6% was identified as subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.5% hypothyroidism, 9.6% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 14.6% hyperthyroidism, and 23.4% had goiter
Introduction yroid dysfunction is described as the altered serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal or altered thyroid hormones. yroid dysfunction is a major public health problem, and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction depends on environmental factors, ethnic, and iodine intake status [1, 2]
Summary
Background. yroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice, and about half of the population with thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed. ere is a fairly wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, which can be identified by patterns of thyroid function test results. e prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the population varies in different studies. Significant risk factors for thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, are smoking, family history of thyroid disease, female gender, alcohol, pregnancy, age, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes mellitus, and iodine intake [5]. Yroid dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis can affect the health of both the mother and the child before and after delivery, which can lead to fetal disease in humans, including a high incidence of mental retardation. It can occur in about 1% of the population and up to 0.4% of pregnancies [8]. It can occur in about 1% of the population and up to 0.4% of pregnancies [8]. e psychiatric disturbances that accompany hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism mimic mental illness [9]
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