Thyroid cancer in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia

Abstract

Aim. To estimate the geographical specifics of thyroid cancer (TC) morbidity and mortality among residents of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia (FEFD) in 2008–2020.Materials and methods. Data on TC morbidity and mortality provided by official statistical records, regulatory documents, as well as observations of TC dynamics were used.Results. In 2020, 548 new cases of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland were registered in the FEFD, which was 84% higher than in 2008 (298 people). The majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 40–60 years old. The number of patients with stages I–II increased (84.1%) under a simultaneous decrease in the number of patients with neglected forms of the disease (15.5%). The share of TC detected during preventive examination comprised 35.9% as compared to 16.0% in 2008. One-year mortality decreased to 3.3% as compared to 7.3% in 2008. At the same time, mortality rates remained at relatively high levels in the context of current achievements in oncology treatment. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis was carried out in 98.7% of cases, which exceeded slightly the state level of 98.5%. The share of patients diagnosed five or more years ago comprised 66.8%, thus being lower that the national average value of 69.4%. The quality of oncology services was assessed using the index of registration reliability, which did not exceed 0.11 in any of the FEFD regions in the reporting year.Conclusions. The observed increase in the number of patients with malignant neoplasms in the FEFD in 2008–2020 was accompanied by an increase in the annual incidence of thyroid cancer among both male and female populations, with the mortality levels demonstrating differences in the dynamics (increase/decline in men: – 50%; in women: + 29%).