Thyroglossal Duct Cyst, a Case Report and Literature Review.

Anas Taha,Stephanie Taha-Mehlitz,Bassey Enodien,Daniel M Frey

doi:10.3390/diseases10010007

Anas Taha, Stephanie Taha-Mehlitz + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases10010007

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Journal: Diseases	Publication Date: Jan 25, 2022
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: GZO Spital Wetzikon, University Hospital of Basel

Abstract

A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is one of the most commonly encountered congenital anomalies of the neck. However, it is difficult to diagnose as differentiating it from other cysts like brachial cysts, lymphangiomas, epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts, and hydatid cysts, is challenging. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the literature of 47 patients—25 males (53.1%) and 21 females (44.7%)—about their TGDC to assess the clinical picture, therapy, and prognosis of the disease. Most of the patients were children under the age of ten (63.8%). All patients had a history of a painless swelling in the anterior midline of the neck that moved in response to deglutition and tongue protrusion, thus interfering with their daily activity. Post-resection recurrence was unusual, with only 3 of 47 patients (6.4%) experiencing recurrence.

Highlights

A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most frequent embryonic-origin cervical mass discovered in the anterior of the neck
In some individuals, some thyroid gland remnants remain in the thyroglossal duct, causing a thyroid tumor to grow in a cyst, and may sometimes form a thyroid duct cyst within the thyroid gland—i.e., an “intrathyroidal thyroglossal duct cyst”—which is difficult to differentiate from a solitary thyroid nodule
The main symptom is an anterior neck swelling that moves with deglutition and tongue protrusion, a clinical sign that differentiates it from thyroid swelling, which moves with deglutition only

Summary

Introduction

A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most frequent embryonic-origin cervical mass discovered in the anterior of the neck. The thyroglossal duct, which connects the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland, generally fails to obliterate, resulting in this disease. This anomaly occurs in approximately 7% of people [1,2,3], representing about 75% of the congenital masses of the neck. An upper respiratory tract infection can quickly spread to the TGDC since they are filled with lymphoid It can present as a painful, large mass when accompanied by local inflammation. Imaging is essential to determine a thyroglossal cyst, substantiate the diagnosis, and affirm that there is functioning thyroid tissue (if present) [5]

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