Abstract
The current status of controversy regarding the use of certain preservatives in cosmetic products makes it necessary to seek new ecological alternatives that are free of adverse effects on users. In our study, the natural terpene thymoquinone was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS and TEM, showing a particle size of 20 nm. The chemical structure, thermal properties, and release profile of thymoquinone were evaluated and showed a successful stabilization and sustained release of terpenes. The antimicrobial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against typical microbial contaminants found in cosmetic products, showing high antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, natural moisturizing cream inoculated with the aforementioned microorganisms was formulated with thymoquinone-chitosan nanoparticles to evaluate the preservative efficiency, indicating its promising use as a preservative in cosmetics.
Highlights
Microorganism contaminants are one of the most usual causes of alteration in cosmetic products (CPs) due to over-exposition to atmospheric oxygen [1]
Photon correlation spectroscopy or dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique based on the scattering of a laser beam of a given wavelength by particles or macromolecules in a liquid medium due to their Brownian motion, which is widely used to determine particle size and surface charge
LHSoawndevTeErM, .thTehisTwEMas tmheiccarsoegirnapthhe spturedsyepnetrefdormined by Figure 1 shows nanWoopraanrtuicchleest awl.,itwhhaeresiczheitocsloans-eeutoge2n0olnnman.opOatrhtieclreswshoorwksedoabntaaivneeradgethpearstiacmle esize of trend with terpene6os8fe3cnhnicmtaospbasynuDilnaLwtSeaadtnedirnscolcoluhsteiitotonoss1a[0n302n]n.maAnlbloyNpTPaECrtMHic-dlTeuQse,rtoeovbtethaaeliensdwianegplloindsgiitfiavfneedrseuanrgftgardceeagctahataiorrgnee-ewffeitcht garding particle sizaesdiencrDeaLsiSngantrdenTdEreMla.teTdhtiostwheaisntchorepcoarasteioinn othf TeQstiundtoythpeeprfoolyrmmeerdmbaytriWx. oTrhae-same nuch et al, where chitosan-eugenol nanoparticles showed an average particle size of 683 nm by DLS and close to 100 nm by TTrraannssmmiissssiioonn EElleeccttrroonn MMiiccrroossccope (TEM) due to the swelling and aggregation effect of chitosan in water solutions [32]
Summary
Microorganism contaminants are one of the most usual causes of alteration in cosmetic products (CPs) due to over-exposition to atmospheric oxygen [1]. One of the most common approaches is the incorporation of preservative agents, i.e., substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and counteract the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidation processes [4] Some cosmetic preservatives such as parabens, triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, formaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, and chlorphenesin produce adverse effects in humans such as DNA damage, antiandrogenic activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes, cytotoxicity in meibomian glands, risk of cancer, and allergic reactions and produce environmental and animal toxicity [5,6]. Due to these results, the traditional use of preservatives in cosmetics is leading us to search for new “eco-friendly” and efficient alternatives
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