Thymoquinone and Curcumin Defeat Aging-Associated Oxidative Alterations Induced by D-Galactose in Rats' Brain and Heart.

Ali H. El-Far,Soad K. Al Jaouni,Elsayeda-Zeinab A. Abdelfattah,Yaser H. A. Elewa,Mustafa S. Atta,Shaker A. Mousa,Ahmed E. Noreldin,Abdel-Wahab A. Alsenosy,Khalid M. Abou-Zeid

doi:10.3390/ijms22136839

Abstract

D-galactose (D-gal) administration causes oxidative disorder and is widely utilized in aging animal models. Therefore, we subcutaneously injected D-gal at 200 mg/kg BW dose to assess the potential preventive effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (Cur) against the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal. Other than the control, vehicle, and D-gal groups, the TQ and Cur treated groups were orally supplemented at 20 mg/kg BW of each alone or combined. TQ and Cur effectively suppressed the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal in brain and heart tissues. The TQ and Cur combination significantly decreased the elevated necrosis in the brain and heart by D-gal. It significantly reduced brain caspase 3, calbindin, and calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), heart caspase 3, and BCL2. Expression of mRNA of the brain and heart TP53, p21, Bax, and CASP-3 were significantly downregulated in the TQ and Cur combination group along with upregulation of BCL2 in comparison with the D-gal group. Data suggested that the TQ and Cur combination is a promising approach in aging prevention.

Highlights

IntroductionAging is a deteriorative process that occurs mainly due to oxidative stress, leading to numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases because of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant capability [1,2]
When D-gal accumulates in the body, it can react with the free amines of amino acids in proteins and peptides, forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [4]
The elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including superoxide anion and nitric oxide, lead to cellular damages in protein, lipid, and DNA that are able to favor the development of different diseases, including tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and an inflammatory processes [6,7,8,9]

Summary

Introduction

Aging is a deteriorative process that occurs mainly due to oxidative stress, leading to numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases because of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant capability [1,2]. A D-galactose (D-gal)induced aging model is a commonly utilized model to investigate anti-aging drugs [3]. The elevated ROS and elevated ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including superoxide anion and nitric oxide, lead to cellular damages in protein, lipid, and DNA that are able to favor the development of different diseases, including tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and an inflammatory processes [6,7,8,9]

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion