Thrombosis: Current knowledge based on metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)

Abstract

Thrombosis is a relatively common human disease, being the third cause of mortality worldwide. Alterations in hemostasis, endothelial processes and blood flow are the major features involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, whose molecular basis is not yet fully understood due to the complexity and numerous influences that might lead to blood clotting. The activity and the role of blood metabolites in thrombosis are attracting great attention in the quest of understanding the triggering off uncontrolled clotting. Metabolomics can bring insights into metabolic fingerprints of any biological sample, quantify, and measure the metabolic responses to the pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications, and lead to an integrated comprehension of metabolites function in health and disease. Furthermore, the identification of biomarkers can reveal metabolic pathways associated with the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge of metabolomics in arterial and venous thrombosis research by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry approaches and cited and discussed the altered metabolites that have been cited in both conditions. It is worth stating that the contribution of the metabolomics in this field or research is modest and being introduced in some case studies, and expected to grow in the near future.