Thrombosis associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Thrombosis associated with acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been reported in the medical literature almost 100 times thus far. Still, the clinical characteristics of patients with both conditions have never been systematically reviewed and described. Methods A literature search was conducted for all (n = 97) reports concerning thrombosis associated with acute CMV infection. The current knowledge concerning this unique association and previous clinical experience are presented here. Results The incidence of thrombosis among acute CMV infection hospitalized patients was 6.4%, and the incidence of acute CMV infection among thrombosis hospitalized patients was 1.9–9.1%. Most (n = 64; 65.9%) reported patients were immunocompetent. Mean age of reported patients was 39.7 ± 14.9 years. Female–male ratio was 1:1. DVT/PE, splanchnic vein thrombosis and splenic infarction were the most prevalent thromboses associated with acute CMV infection. While DVT/PE was more prevalent among immunocompromised patients, splanchnic vein thrombosis was more prevalent among immunocompetent patients. Inherited predispositions for thrombosis were significantly more prevalent among immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised patients were treated with antiviral agents significantly more often. Duration of anticoagulation therapy varied significantly between reported patients. In-hospital mortality rates were 4.9–22.2%. Conclusions We believe physicians should be alert for symptoms and signs of thrombosis in patients with acute CMV infection, and for symptoms and signs of acute CMV infection in patients with thrombosis.