Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of death in the world. Medicinal plants with thrombolytic properties may be used as an alternative to modern medicines for CVDs. The present study was aimed to evaluate the thrombolytic potential of six medicinal plants available in Bangladesh using an in vitro clot lysis method where streptokinase and ethanol were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. Ethanolic extract at a dose of 10 mg/ml of Arjun tree (Terminalia arjuna), Garlic (Allium sativum), Elephant apple (Dillenia indica), Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Yellow mombin (Spondias pinnata) and Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora) showed 14.18 ± 1.23%, 10.72 ± 0.78%, 8.25 ± 0.42%, 7.08 ± 0.64%, 5.42 ± 0.47% and 2.47 ± 0.19% clot lysis, respectively, whereas the standard drug streptokinase lysed 41.11±0.31% clot at a dose of 30,000 IU. From the data, it is evident that ethanolic extracts of six selected medicinal plants possess a moderate to insignificant thrombolytic activities. Among these plants, Arjun tree and Garlic exhibited the highest thrombolytic activity and the Burmese grape showed the lowest thrombolytic activity. Through our study, it could be concluded that Arjun tree, Garlic, and Elephant apple might be used as traditional healing purposes of CVDs. However, further animal studies will prove the scientific justification of their uses. Conservation efforts should be given for Arjun tree, Elephant apple, Yellow mombin, Burmese grape, and Amla to save these plants from extinction in nature. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 405-412, 2021 (December)
Highlights
The thrombolytic disorder is one of the major causes of morbidity in Bangladesh (Islam and Mojumder, 2013)
After treatment of blood clots with 10mg/ml of ethanolic extract of Arjun tree (Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.), Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica L.), it was found that 14.18 ± 1.23% clot has been lysed by Arjun extract 10.72 ± 0.78% by garlic extract and 8.25 ± 0.42% by elephant apple extract
The plants including Arjun tree, Garlic, Elephant apple, Amla, Yellow mombin and Burmese grape used in the research have long been used by the local people in Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) management based on their forefather long experience (Uddin et al, 2001; Uddin et al, 2004; Uddin et al, 2006; Roy et al, 2008; Yusuf et al, 2009; Uddin, 2013; Uddin and Hassan, 2014; Uddin et al, 2017; Ghani, 2003; Fahad et al, 2014)
Summary
The thrombolytic disorder is one of the major causes of morbidity in Bangladesh (Islam and Mojumder, 2013). In the present study an attempt was taken to evaluate thrombolytic activity of six selected medicinal plant species available in Bangladesh using in vitro clot lysis model. These were Arjun tree (Terminalia arjuna), Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora), Elephant apple (Dillenia indica), Garlic (Allium sativum), Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Yellow mombin (Spondias pinnata) (Plate 1).
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