Abstract
Smart grids have been introduced to replace conventional power distribution systems without real time monitoring for accommodating the future market penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). When a large number of PEVs require simultaneous battery charging, charging coordination techniques have become one of the most critical factors to optimize the PEV charging performance and the conventional distribution system. In this case, considerable computational complexity of a central controller and exchange of real time information among PEVs may occur. To alleviate these problems, a novel threshold-based random charging (TBRC) operation for a decentralized charging system is proposed. Using PEV charging thresholds and random access rates, the PEVs themselves can participate in the charging requests. As PEVs with a high battery state do not transmit the charging requests to the central controller, the complexity of the central controller decreases due to the reduction of the charging requests. In addition, both the charging threshold and the random access rate are statistically calculated based on the average of supply power of the PEV charging system that do not require a real time update. By using the proposed TBRC with a tolerable PEV charging degradation, a 51% reduction of the PEV charging requests is achieved.
Highlights
Due to environmental and sustainability concerns, the development and the commercialization of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have attracted researchers during the last decade [1,2]
A smart charging system with cooperation (SCSC) [27] that maximizes the total battery state of charging (BSOC) of all the PEVs is modeled as the basis of comparisons for the overall performance of the proposed threshold-based random charging scheme (TBRC) scheme
The objective of this simulation is to verify the impact of the proposed scheme on the charging performance and the reduction in the number of PEVs participating in the charging requests at the end of charging period
Summary
Due to environmental and sustainability concerns, the development and the commercialization of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have attracted researchers during the last decade [1,2]. The main objectives of those studies are the mitigation of the negative impacts by minimizing the increment of peak loads [7,8,9], reducing the power losses [10,11], and minimizing the charging costs [12,13] or maximizing the discharging profits, i.e., vehicle-to-grid [7,14,15,16]. Most of the research done so far mainly focuses on the centralized optimization of the PEV charging system by stabilizing the power distribution system or by minimizing the charging costs. Decentralized charging schemes have been considered to alleviate the computational complexity of a central controller [17,18,19]
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