Abstract
The energy required to displace a carbon atom from its normal lattice site has been determined directly by detection of the lattice vacancies resulting from the displacement process. Annealed natural crystals of graphite containing less than 10 −10 vacancies per carbon atom were irradiated at room temperature with electrons of selected energies in the range from 100 to 500keV. Examination of crystals irradiated with electrons of energies less than 150keV showed that these irradiations produced no vacancies; whereas, examination of crystals irradiated with electrons of energies exceeding 160keV revealed a production of vacancies. From these observations it may be concluded that the threshold energy for displacement in graphite is approximately 33eV.
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