Abstract
Two different scenarios are usually invoked in the formation of femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), either “self-organization” mechanisms or a purely “plasmonic” approach. In this paper, a three-step model of formation of single-laser-shot LIPSS is summarized. It is based on the periodic perturbation of the electronic temperature followed by an amplification, for given spatial periods, of the modulation in the lattice temperature and a final possible relocation by hydrodynamic instabilities. An analytical theory of the evolution of the temperature inhomogeneities is reported and supported by numerical calculations on the examples of three different metals: Al, Au, and Mo. The criteria of the possibility of hydrodynamic instabilities are also discussed.
Highlights
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), first observed by Birnbaum on semiconductor surfaces [1], can be found on different materials, such as metals, polymers [2], graphene [3,4], and wide-band gap dielectrics [5,6,7]
The principal approaches for the analysis of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) formation are based on two main mechanisms: (1) interference between the incident light and a surface scattered wave (SSW) with the latter to be often attributed to surface plasmons [8,9,10,11] and (2) hydrodynamic-like theories considering material reorganization in the molten surface layer [5,6,12]
We assume that the reorganization of atoms on the surface can be influenced by the temperature that leads to imprinting the periodic lattice temperature modulation to the sample surface in the form of LIPSS
Summary
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), first observed by Birnbaum on semiconductor surfaces [1], can be found on different materials, such as metals, polymers [2], graphene [3,4], and wide-band gap dielectrics [5,6,7]. This phenomenon is nearly as old as laser material processing, its mechanisms are still under debate in the scientific community.
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