Abstract
We present a compact and portable three-photon gradient index (GRIN) lens endoscope system suitable for imaging of unstained tissues, potentially deep within the body, using a GRIN lens system of 1 mm diameter and 8 cm length. The lateral and axial resolution in water is 1.0 μm and 9.5 μm, respectively. The ~200 μm diameter field of view is imaged at 2 frames/s using a fiber-based excitation source at 1040 nm. Ex vivo imaging is demonstrated with unstained mouse lung at 5.9 mW average power. These results demonstrate the feasibility of three-photon GRIN lens endoscopy for optical biopsy.
Highlights
In vivo two-photon (2P) microscopy has become a valuable tool for the study of subsurface features in intact tissues and organs [1]
We present a compact and portable three-photon gradient index (GRIN) lens endoscope system suitable for imaging of unstained tissues, potentially deep within the body, using a GRIN lens system of 1 mm diameter and 8 cm length
Ex vivo imaging is demonstrated with unstained mouse lung at 5.9 mW average power. These results demonstrate the feasibility of three-photon GRIN lens endoscopy for optical biopsy
Summary
In vivo two-photon (2P) microscopy has become a valuable tool for the study of subsurface features in intact tissues and organs [1]. We demonstrate a GRIN lens endoscope that is capable of imaging unstained mouse lung tissues using 3P excitation by a fiber laser at 1040 nm. 2. Endoscope design and characterization The compact and portable GRIN lens endoscope is shown, which was described in our previous work for 2P excitation of intrinsic fluorescence using a mode-locked Ti:S laser at 800 nm [11]. Endoscope design and characterization The compact and portable GRIN lens endoscope is shown, which was described in our previous work for 2P excitation of intrinsic fluorescence using a mode-locked Ti:S laser at 800 nm [11] This system weighs less than 2lbs and was used successfully for in vivo 2P imaging in rats.
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