Three-drug synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro by 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine, recombinant soluble CD4, and recombinant interferon-alpha.

Abstract

3'-Fluoro-3'deoxythymidine (FLT), recombinant soluble CD4 (CD4), and recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) were evaluated in two- and three-drug regimens against HIV-1 replication in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied using p24 antigen production as the virologic endpoints. FLT showed 2.5-fold higher efficacy and a similar selectivity index to zidovudine. Drug interactions were evaluated by the median effect principle and the isobologram technique. FLT, CD4, and interferon alpha at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited HIV-1 synergistically in two- and three-drug combinations with a combination index smaller than one and dose reduction index greater than one. The three-drug regimen provided greater virus suppression than the two-drug regimen. These results suggest that FLT is an alternative agent to AZT for the treatment of HIV infection either as a single agent or in combination with CD4 and/or interferon-alpha.