Abstract
Radar resolution in three dimensions is considered for circular synthetic apertures at a constant elevation angle. A closed-form expression is derived for the far-field 3-D point spread function for a circular aperture of 360 degrees azimuth and is used to revisit the traditional measures of resolution along the x, y and z spatial axes. However, the limited angular persistence of reflectors encountered in practice renders the traditional measures inadequate for circular synthetic aperture radar imaging. Two alternative measures for 3-D resolution are presented: a nonparametric measure based on level sets of a reflector's signature and a statistical measure using the Cramer- Rao lower bound on location estimation error. Both proposed measures provide a quantitative evaluation of 3-D resolution as a function of scattering persistence and radar system parameters. The analysis shows that 3-D localization of a reflector requires a combination of large radar cross section and large angular persistence. In addition, multiple elevations or a priori target scattering models, if available, may be used to significantly enhance 3-D resolution.
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