Abstract

Three-dimensional photoelasticity provides one of the commonest and most widely used experimental methods for determination of three-dimensional states of stress. This method, like two-dimensional photoelasticity, is based upon the phenomenon of temporary or artificial birefringence, according to which when a transparent material is loaded its optical properties change; measurement of these changes provides data adequate for quantitative determination of the corresponding state of stress. Although the method of two-dimensional photoelasticity is simple and straightforward and the optical patterns obtained are directly related to the stresses developed in the material, many difficulties arise in the evaluation of a triaxial stress field, when the method of three-dimensional photoelasticity is applied. This is mainly due to variation of stress distribution from point to point along the light path; this causes rotation of the principal-stress directions from layer to layer through a three-dimensional photoelastic model.

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