Three-dimensional mapping in cardiac implantable electronic device - a feasible and effective alternative to fluoroscopy.

Abstract

During the last decade, three-dimensional mapping technology has substantially aided the development of cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs). This article intends to present an outline of the use and benefits of three-dimensional (3D) mapping systems in CIEDs. As an alternative to fluoroscopy, 3D mapping greatly minimizes radiation exposure and eliminates the need for contrast dye during the implantation of CIEDs. Based on the visualization of the pacing lead tip and accurate anatomic reconstruction of the chamber of interest and a specialized mapping technique, 3D mapping technology dramatically improves the efficacy and success of the advanced cardiac implantable devices' placement. Additionally, it provides a superior option for those with complex medical conditions. The use of 3D mapping technology in CIEDs has been proven feasible and effective by accumulating evidence. It is fair to anticipate that it will be widely used in CIED implantation in the future.