Abstract
Summary Three-dimensional modeling of land frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic (FD-CSEM) responses is vital to improve the understanding of electromagnetic responses collected in increasingly complex geologic settings. A modeling tool for simulating three-dimensional land FD-CSEM surveys, based on a finite-element discretization of the Helmholtz equation for the electric fields, has been developed. The main difference between our modeling method and those previous works is our edge finite-element approach applied to solve the three-dimensional land FD-CSEM responses generated by horizontal electric dipole source. Firstly, we formulate the edge finite-element equation using the Galerkin method based on Helmholtz equation of the electric fields. Secondly, we simulate a three-dimensional model with electromagnetic responses.
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