Abstract
Combined three-dimensional (3-D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic-gradient (vertical gradient of the total magnetic field) surveying were used to investigate the remains of an older Roman villa complex buried under a surface-exposed younger Roman castle. Magnetic-gradient measurements allowed for efficient mapping of a large area around the castle in short time, whereas the 3-D GPR provided detailed information at depth of a selected area. The 3-D GPR data volume revealed several linear and rectangular features within the topmost around 2 m below the surface interpreted as walls and floors of houses belonging to the villa complex. Some of the identified walls could be correlated with the remains of a house with floor heating excavated and re-buried in the early 20th century. Furthermore, the joint interpretation of the 3-D GPR and magnetic-gradient data allowed identifying an extensive and rectangular, highly reflective feature in the GPR data collocated with a prominent magnetic anomaly as the fire place/oven used to drive the floor heating.
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