Three-dimensional evaluation of the different donor sites of the mandible for autologous bone grafts

Abstract

For effective placement of endosseous implants, a sufficient volume of bone is required at the recipient site. The aim of this study is to evaluate the density and maximum amount of harvestable bone graft required from the mandible symphysis, coronoid process, and ascending ramus, depending on dentition. CT data from 42 patients (13 females and 29 males) in DICOM format were read using special planning software. Three different virtual bone grafts were created, and the dimension outcomes, surface, volume, and density were measured in a dentate group (n = 22) and a total edentulous group (n = 20). Comparisons between corresponding bone grafts showed no difference for the symphysis and coronoid process in relation to dentition, and no difference in bone density was observed. However, significant changes between the average values of the ramus were found between the two groups (p < 0.0001). Appropriate software and CT data can deliver more accurate examinations of the mandible in relation to potential donor sites. Atrophy primarily affects the ascending ramus; the symphysis and coronoid process are only slightly influenced. Using appropriate software in conjunction with implant planning, it is possible to analyze potential donor areas within the jaw and create virtual bone grafts.