Three-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of craniofacial characteristics according to lateral deviation of chin

Hyo-Won Choi,Kwang-Ho Park,Jong-Ki Huh,Jae-Young Kim,Bola Kim

doi:10.1186/s40902-019-0241-1

Hyo-Won Choi, Kwang-Ho Park + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-019-0241-1

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Abstract

BackgroundThe relationship between the lateral deviation of chin and the upper and middle facial third asymmetry is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of upper and middle facial third asymmetry with lateral deviation of chin using 3-dimensional computed tomography. The study was conducted on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to August 2017. A total of 40 patients were included in this retrospective study. A spiral scanner was used to obtain the 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. The landmarks were assigned on the reconstructed 3-dimensional images, and their locations were verified on the axial, midsagittal, and coronal slices. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between chin deviation and difference between the measurements of distances in paired craniofacial structures. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%.ResultsIn mandible, the degree of chin deviation was correlated with the mandibular length and mandibular body length. Mandibular length and mandibular body length are shorter on the deviated-chin side compared to that on the non-deviated side (mandibular length, r = −0.897, p value < 0.001; mandibular body length, r = −0.318, p value = 0.045). In the upper and middle facial thirds, the degree of chin deviation was correlated with the vertical asymmetry of the glenoid fossa and zygonion. Glenoid fossa and zygonion are superior on the deviated-chin side than on the non-deviated side (glenoid fossa, r = 0.317, p value = 0.046; zygonion, r = 0.357, p value = 0.024).ConclusionLateral deviation of chin is correlated with upper and middle facial third asymmetry as well as lower facial third asymmetry. As a result, treatment planning in patients with chin deviation should involve a careful evaluation of the asymmetry of the upper and middle facial thirds to ensure complete patient satisfaction.

Highlights

The relationship between the lateral deviation of chin and the upper and middle facial third asymmetry is still controversial
Patients with apparent facial asymmetry may not be satisfied with their appearance; such patients are more likely to opt for surgical intervention for esthetic and occlusal improvement [3]
Asymmetry of the glenoid cavity is caused by defects in generation, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of cranial neural crest cells [8] or craniofacial structure modeling from the cerebrum [9,10,11]

Summary

Introduction

The relationship between the lateral deviation of chin and the upper and middle facial third asymmetry is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of upper and middle facial third asymmetry with lateral deviation of chin using 3-dimensional computed tomography. The most common type of facial asymmetry is observed in the lower third of face with lateral deviation of Facial asymmetry often involves varying degrees of upper (5%) and middle (36%) facial third asymmetries [3]. Asymmetry of the glenoid cavity, a type of upper and middle facial third asymmetry, was reported [7]. Asymmetry of the glenoid cavity causes lateral deviation of the chin [7]

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