Three-dimensional assessment of the sella turcica: comparison between cleft lip and palate patients and skeletal malocclusion classes

Abstract

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the dimensions and morphological appearance of the sella turcica in cleft lip and palate patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, compared to non-cleft individuals. CBCT images of 40 (20 females and 20 males) cleft lip and palate patients and 60 (27 males and 33 females) non-cleft individuals were assessed, retrospectively. The linear dimensions (depth, diameter and length) of the sella turcica and inter-clinoid distance were measured. Sella turcica shapes were examined in the cleft lip and palate patients and non-cleft individuals. Non-cleft individuals were divided into skeletal malocclusion classes. All variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square test. No significant difference was observed between individuals with and without cleft in the linear dimensions (depth, diameter and length) of the sella turcica (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the inter-clinoid distance between patients with cleft and non-cleft individuals (p < 0.05). Comparison of the sella turcica shape between skeletal malocclusion classes and patients with cleft showed significant differences (p < 0.05). No significant difference was determined in the depth, diameter, or length of the sella turcica in cleft patients when compared with non-cleft individuals. The inter-clinoid distance was lower in cleft patients than in non-cleft individuals, and this difference was statistically significant.