Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most prominent nanoscaled membranes for water purification. Thanks to a combination of massive theoretical and experimental efforts, large-scale production of both three-dimensional (3D) and lamellar GO membranes is at hand. Countless methods to synthesize, functionalize, and characterize GO membranes are available, which inspire tremendous excitement about the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of current reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants. Here, we reveal some of the main physical–chemical insights as well as manufacturing techniques of GO, reduced GO, and related material-based separation techniques.
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