Three-Coordinate Iron(IV) Bisimido Complexes with Aminocarbene Ligation: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity

Abstract

High-valent iron imido species are implicated as reactive intermediates in many iron-catalyzed transformations. However, isolable complexes of this type are rare, and their reactivity is poorly understood. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies on novel three-coordinate iron(IV) bisimido complexes with aminocarbene ligation. Using our recently reported synthetic method for [LFe(NDipp)2] (L = IMes, 1; Me2-cAAC, 2), four new iron(IV) imido complexes, [(IPr)Fe(NDipp)2] (3) and [(Me2-cAAC)Fe(NR)2] (R = Mes, 4; Ad, 5; CMe2CH2Ph, 6), were prepared from the reactions of three-coordinate iron(0) compounds with organic azides. Characterization data acquired from (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies suggest a low-spin singlet ground state for these iron(IV) complexes and the multiple-bond character of their Fe-N bonds. A reactivity study taking the reactions of 1 as representative revealed an intramolecular alkane dehydrogenation of 1 to produce the iron(II) complex [(IMes)Fe(NHDipp)(NHC6H3-2-Pr(i)-6-CMe═CH2)] (7), a Si-H bond activation reaction of 1 with PhSiH3 to produce the iron(II) complex [(IMes)Fe(NHDipp)(NDippSiPhH2)] (8), and a [2+2]-addition reaction of 1 with PhNCNPh and p-Pr(i)C6H4NCO to form the corresponding open-shell formal iron(IV) monoimido complexes [(IMes)Fe(NDipp)(N(Dipp)C(NPh)(═NPh))] (9) and [(IMes)Fe(NDipp)(N(Dipp)C(O)N(p-Pr(i)C6H4))] (10), as well as [NDipp]-group-transfer reactions with CO and Bu(t)NC. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the alkane chain dehydrogenation reaction starts with a hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism, whereas the Si-H activation reaction proceeds in a [2π+2σ]-addition manner. Both reactions have the pathways at the triplet potential energy surfaces being energetically preferred, and have formal iron(IV) hydride and iron(IV) silyl species as intermediates, respectively. The low-coordinate nature and low d-electron count (d(4)) of iron(IV) imido complexes are thought to be the key features endowing their unique reactivity.