Three-way decision-based Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy classifier for partially labeled data

Abstract

The salient features of Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy classifiers are their superior nonlinear fitting capability and better interpretability, rendering them widely applicable in the domains of data mining and machine learning. However, using TSK fuzzy classifiers for partially labeled data has received little attention. Based on the three-way decision (TWD) theory, this study proposed a TSK fuzzy model to learn from partially labeled data. First, an adaptive sample weight strategy is introduced for the fuzzy partition of the antecedent part and the cross-entropy loss of the consequent part, respectively. Subsequently, a prototype-based firing strength loss mechanism is proposed to constrain the optimization of the model in the fuzzy representation space. It employs a TWD strategy based on the entropy criterion to classify samples as useful, useless, and uncertain, where the proposed model enhances the performance by iteratively utilizing a certain number of useful pseudo-labeled samples. Finally, the validity of the model is theoretically analyzed based on the principle of noise learning. The experimental results on UCI datasets demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits superior performance compared with classical semi-supervised methods, even attaining a performance comparable to that of the model trained on all data with ground-truth labels.