Abstract
Terahertz technology has broad application prospects in biomedical detection. However, the mixed characteristics of actual samples make the terahertz spectrum complex and difficult to distinguish, and there is no practical terahertz detection method for clinical medicine. Here, we propose a three-step one-way terahertz model, presenting a detailed flow analysis of terahertz technology in the biomedical detection of renal fibrosis as an example: 1) biomarker determination: screening disease biomarkers and establishing the terahertz spectrum and concentration gradient; 2) mixture interference removal: clearing the interfering signals in the mixture for the biomarker in the animal model and evaluating and retaining the effective characteristic peaks; and 3) individual difference removal: excluding individual interference differences and confirming the final effective terahertz parameters in the human sample. The root mean square error of our model is three orders of magnitude lower than that of the gold standard, with profound implications for the rapid, accurate and early detection of diseases.
Highlights
The early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases directly affect the quality of life and survival rate of patients
STEP 1: biomarker determination By analysing the biological process and characteristics of fibrosis, we know that collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix
Collagen itself is a mixture of a variety of proteins and substances, so it is not suitable for use as a biomarker for THz technology
Summary
The early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases directly affect the quality of life and survival rate of patients. The corresponding technologies include light microscopic morphological detection, immunohistochemical enzyme labelling, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene rearrangement detection [1,2,3,4,5]. The sample processing of these techniques is cumbersome and timeconsuming and requires large amounts of reagents and dyes, so the samples cannot be (2021) 2:12 reused, and the judgement of results has subjective interference. Other spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, can be used for sample detection. There is an urgent need for rapid, label-free, operated, low-sampleloss, and low-cost detection technology for the early diagnosis of diseases
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