Abstract
The idea of National Park is widely accepted in the world, which has also become a scientific measure for sustainable development. Despite of the fact that the management mechanisms of national parks in different countries may differ, there are three principles which are shared by the international national parks and to be maintained, namely, people oriented, state dominance, and adjusting measures to local conditions. People oriented is the most fundamental principle as well as the primary purpose of the construction of national park, while state dominance and adjusting measures to local conditions are two guarantees of the fulfillment of social welfare. In order to construct the Chinese national park system, China should learn from international experiences and adopt the three principles. During this transitional and learning period, China is confronted with several problems, such as “tragedy of commons”, multi-sectoral management, insufficient fund etc. To deal with these issues, the current Chinese national-level parks should be carefully chosen as pilot projects, and then a unified legal system and management system should be gradually set up during this trail period. Eventually, an integrated and comprehensive Chinese National Park system should be established.
Highlights
The idea of National Park has been introduced to China since the beginning of the 20th century, more than a hundred years
Though the national park system originated in the US, it falls into different categories of management models, which embodies the principle of “adjusting measures to local conditions”
The idea of National Park is widely accepted in the world, and it has become a scientific measure for sustainable development, which calls for strict conservation and rational use of cultural and natural heritage resources
Summary
The idea of National Park has been introduced to China since the beginning of the 20th century, more than a hundred years . In September of the same year, the NDRC signed a cooperative agreement with United States National Park Service regarding the construction of National Park System in China These facts indicate that the development of China’s national park has already been at a turning point and has become a critical topic that Chinese scholars in the field of tourism and heritage management can’t evade (Tian & Yang, 2011) [2]. About 5000 national parks which conform to the standard made by International Union for Conservation of Nature (the IUCN thereafter) had ever been set up in about 150 countries and regions around the world up to 2014 These statistics mean that the establishment of National Park System has become a common practice for protecting and developing the natural and cultural heritage resources in the international community. Based on the international experience, it is concluded that the construction of national park system generally has three principles: people oriented, state dominance and adjusting measures to local conditions
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