Abstract
The performance of a grid forming inverter integrating solar PV/Wind farms with the grid is currently a topic of wide interest. Synchronverter control is one of the well-known grid forming converter techniques. Evaluation of synchronverter control in the benchmark system will help in understanding its operation when connected to a larger system. Therefore, this article investigates the performance of three phase single-stage photovoltaic (PV) system with a synchronverter control in the North American medium voltage (MV) benchmark system. The main objective is to conduct an exploratory study of the PV based synchronverter system when subjected to various disturbances. The modeling of PV array, controllers like synchronverter, dc-link voltage control, ac voltage control and their design is discussed in detail. The simulation studies for different cases are carried out by creating various disturbances like changes in solar radiation, temperature, load, faults, etc., in the benchmark system. Furthermore, under fault conditions, response with/without voltage droop mechanism in synchronverter is studied. All the offline simulations are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC environment. Further, the real time test studies are validated on Controller-Hardware-In-Loop (CHIL) platform in Real-Time-Digital-Simulator (RTDS). From this simulation study, it is concluded that Synchronverter Control can be a viable option when used as a grid forming technique.
Highlights
D ISTRIBUTION generators (DGs) are gaining popularity due to its technical and environmental benefits and become an alternative solution to solve the energy crisis [1].Power electronic converters are used in DGs to interface with the grid to improve the performance of DGs and ensure power quality
These large disturbances pose significant challenges for the stable operation of DGs. This concern has motivated the application of power electronic converters to support the grid and allows more renewable energy to integrate with the grid
SIMULATION RESULTS This section presents the response of a synchronverter based 1.4 MW PV system connected to the North American medium voltage (MV) network
Summary
D ISTRIBUTION generators (DGs) are gaining popularity due to its technical and environmental benefits and become an alternative solution to solve the energy crisis [1].Power electronic converters are used in DGs to interface with the grid to improve the performance of DGs and ensure power quality. The power converters are operating in a grid following mode and act as a current source with conventional current control techniques [5]. The swing equation-based control with virtual inertia capabilities based synchronous power control (SPC) is another grid forming control approach [12] It has a cascaded control structure with inner current control, outer voltage control and reference for outer control is generated by the swing equation. Synchronverter is one of the various models of VSG [17] and operates the power converters in grid forming mode by implementing self-synchronize technique [18]. Modeling of the power circuit, the control scheme and controller design of the grid connected PV system is presented to help in developing a synchronverter control based grid forming simulation model for study. The tests are carried out by creating fault on bus 4 as shown in Fig. 1, or disconnecting load on bus 1, as the maximum load is connected on bus 1
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