Abstract
Polysaccharides from the immunomodulatory medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (IOPS) were extracted and purified using three-phase partitioning (TPP), which is an efficient, fast, safe, and green purification technique. An optimal extraction procedure that gave a good 2.2% isolated yield was identified, using the following protocol: a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g to 12 mL; mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 20% (w/v); 11 mL t-butanol; pH 8.0; temperature 30 °C; and extraction time 30 min. The purified IOPS was shown to be a proteoglycan of 40 kDa molecular weight comprising of d-galactose, d-glucose, d-xylose, and d-mannose in a molar ratio of 2.0:3.5:1.0:1.5. The purified IOPS displayed strong free-radical scavenging abilities, antioxidant activities, and immunological activity in vitro. IOPS’ Trolox antioxidant equivalent capacity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma were 251.2 μmol Trolox/g sample and 1040.5 μmol Fe2+/g sample, respectively, with the activity of its immunomodulatory behavior shown to be gradient dependent.
Highlights
Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát, known as chaga, is a medicinal basidiomycetes fungus included in the Hymenochaetaceae family, Hymenochaetales order, and Agaricomycetes class, respectively [1]
The level of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) produced in the presence of IOPS was estimated by determining the concentration of Nitric Oxide (NO) formed, which is known to be a relatively stable metabolite of RNI
Raw264.7 cell lines were purchased from tCell Resource Center of Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese after three-phase partitioning (TPP) compared with Vc, which show that purified IOPS exhibits a dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity in a manner over a concentration range of 0-0.5 mg/mL
Summary
Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát, known as chaga, is a medicinal basidiomycetes fungus included in the Hymenochaetaceae family, Hymenochaetales order, and Agaricomycetes class, respectively [1]. I. obliquus is extremely cold-resistant, with its mycelium growing in woods that tolerates temperatures as low as −40 ◦ C. It is normally present at latitudes of 45–50◦. It occurs widely in Russia, North Europe, Poland, the Hokkaido region of Japan, Heilongjiang province, and the Changbai mountain area in the Jilin province of China. Because of the special conditions required for its growth, indigenous people have variously described these fungi as “black diamonds. I. obliquus has attracted increasing attention worldwide due to its high nutritional and medicinal values, as well as its anti-tumor [3], anti-oxidant [4], immunomodulatory activities [5], anti-asthma [6], and other medicinal properties [7]
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