﻿Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

Xiao-Yan Pan,Tie-Dong Liu,Zi-Kun Song,Zhi Qu,Hai-Xia Ma

doi:10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623

Abstract

Three new species of Xylaria on fallen leaves in Hainan Province of China are described and illustrated, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Xylariahedyosmicola is found on fallen leaves of Hedyosmumorientale and featured by thread-like stromata with a long sterile filiform apex. Phylogenetically, X.hedyosmicola is closely related to an undescribed Xylaria sp. from Hawaii Island, USA and morphologically similar to X.vagans. Xylarialindericola is found on fallen leaves of Linderarobusta and characterised by its subglobose stromata and a long filiform stipe. It is phylogenetically closely related to X.siculaf.major. Xylariapolysporicola is found on fallen leaves of Polysporahainanensis, it is distinguished by upright or prostrate stromata and ascospores sometimes with a slimy sheath or non-cellular appendages. Xylariapolysporicola is phylogenetically closely related to X.amphithele and X.ficicola. An identification key to the ten species on fallen leaves in China is given.

Highlights

Species of Xylaria Hill ex Schrank are commonly found throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the world, associated with wood, fallen fruits or seeds, fallen leaves or petioles and termite nests (Dennis 1956; Rogers 1986; Rogers and Samuels 1986; San Martin and Rogers 1989; Ju and Rogers 1999; Ju and Hsieh 2007; Fournier 2014)
The constructed multigene alignment (MGA) consisted of 3138 characters (523 of which were derived from the ITS alignment, 1550 from TUB alignment, 1065 from RPB2 alignment)
The analysis results show that the phylogenetic tree, generated by maximum likelihood (ML) in RAxML7.2.6, is basically the same as that generated by Bayesian Inference (BI) in MrBayes 3.1

Summary

Introduction

Species of Xylaria Hill ex Schrank are commonly found throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the world, associated with wood, fallen fruits or seeds, fallen leaves or petioles and termite nests (Dennis 1956; Rogers 1986; Rogers and Samuels 1986; San Martin and Rogers 1989; Ju and Rogers 1999; Ju and Hsieh 2007; Fournier 2014). The study of Xylaria species growing on fallen leaves or petioles is far behind those mentioned taxa associated with other substrates and only seven species have been reported on those substrates in China (Dennis 1956; Rogers et al 1988; Zhu and Guo 2011; Huang et al 2014, 2015; Ma and Li 2018). Two intensive surveys of xylariaceous fungi were carried out in Hainan province in 2019 and 2020 and about 400 specimens of Xylariaceae were collected. These materials have been carefully studied through both morphological and phylogenetic methods and three new species on fallen leaves were identified. The new taxa are described and illustrated, and an identification key is provided for the 10 known species of Xylaria on fallen leaves in China

Methods

Results

Conclusion