Three New Species of Jaltomata (Solanaceae) from Ancash, Peru

Abstract

Three new Jaltomata species from the department of Ancash, Peru, are described and illustrated. The three species are distinguished from others in the genus by features of the flowers, hairs, and leaves. Fruits of Jaltomata cajacayensis S. Leiva & Mione are gathered for consumption. Jaltomata lomana Mione & S. Leiva is known only from a single fog-dependent plant community, a lomas formation. Jaltomata yungayensis Mione & S. Leiva is widely distributed at high elevations. Species of Jaltomata have simple, often geminate leaves, 5-merous flowers with rotate to campanulate or tubular corollas, and a bicarpellate ovary housing numerous ovules. The inflorescence is umbellate; anthers dehisce longitudinally and the ovary is girdled by a disk at its base. The berry, orange or red on most South American species and dark purple to black on most Central American species, is not enclosed by the calyx and is often edible (Leiva, 1998; Mione, 1992). The genus includes about 50 herbaceous and shrubby species distributed from Arizona, U.S.A., to Bolivia, with one species each on the Galapagos Islands and Greater Antilles (Mione et al., 1993). These descriptions of three new species are a contribution to ongoing systematic studies of this genus (e.g., Mione, 1999; Mione & Leiva, 1997). MATERIALS AND METHODS The compound light microscope was used for measurement of stalked glands and stigma papillae; flowers placed in 70% ethanol in Peru were used. The sizes of structures as indicated by the scale bars in the figures may differ somewhat from the sizes given in the descriptions because alcohol-preserved flowers were used for drawing, while dried specimens were used for measurements. Seeds of J. lomana were not available for study. Trichomes are not gland-tipped unless indicated as such. Finger hairs are uniseriate, unbranched, and multicellular. Branchlet hairs (Fig. 3B) have multiple termini (Seithe, 1979). A gland-tipped finger hair has a bulbous terminal cell (Fig. 1C) that stains densely with neutral red, as does the multicellular head of a stalked gland (illustrated in Mione & Serazo, 1999). Jaltomata cajacayensis S. Leiva & Mione, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Ancash: Bolognesi, highway from Pativilca to Recuay and Huaraz, km 90, town of Cajacay, 2540 m, open sun, roadside with Agave andina and Carica candicans, 18 Jan. 1998, T Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 624 (holotype, NY; isotype, CONN). Figure 1. Planta fruticosa; axes juvenes, folia, faciesque abaxialis calycis obtecta pilis indivisis apice glandiferentibus; folia ovata vel deltata, ad 9 cm longitudine, 10 cm latitudine, petiolo ad 3.2 cm longitudine; inflorescentia floribus 14 ut maximum; calyx 13 mm diametro maturitate fructus; corolla brevissime, tubulosa, limbo reflexo 10.3-19.2 mm diametro, olivacea; filamenta villosa secus proximales 4/5 partes longitudinis; bacca aurantiaca, ad 9 mm diametro. Shrub to 1.1 m high. Young axes, peduncles, pedicels, and abaxial faces of calyx villous with erect, gland-tipped finger hairs to 3 mm long. Woody stems glabrous, terete, to at least 1.5 cm diam. Leaves alternate, often geminate, the blade ovate or deltoid, to 9 x 10 cm, pubescence of gland-tipped finger hairs on both faces, the margin repand, sinuate or dentate with up to 5 pairs of broad, rounded teeth; petiole to 3.2 cm long. Inflorescence axillary or less commonly arising from a NovoN 10: 53-59. 2000. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.176 on Fri, 16 Sep 2016 06:00:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms