Abstract
Three new sulfated steroidal glycosides (3–5), along with known cholesterol derivatives (1,2), were isolated from the visceral extract of the cone snail Conus pulicarius. The structure of each new compound was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The three new compounds exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity (GI50 values down to 0.49 μM) against the K562 human leukemia cell line.
Highlights
Cone snails are predatory marine molluscs that secrete venom to capture prey, such as marine worms, small fish, molluscs, and other cone snails
Five cholesterol derivatives (1–5), including three new sulfated steroidal glycosides (3–5), were isolated from the Conus pulicarius that were collected in Kosrae, Micronesia
The characteristic structural features of the new compounds include the sulfate group at the C-3 position and the xylose linked to C-7, which is different from those of known steroidal glycosides
Summary
Cone snails are predatory marine molluscs that secrete venom to capture prey, such as marine worms, small fish, molluscs, and other cone snails. Over 100,000 neuroactive conotoxins have been discovered from cone snails, which comprise over 1000 species in the tropical and subtropical areas [1], since the first conotoxins were isolated and characterized [2,3]. During these investigations, ziconotide, the conotoxin peptide that is derived from Conus magus, has gained approval from the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) as an analgesic for severe and chronic pain, and several other conotoxins are under investigation in clinical trials as medical agents for the same purpose [4,5].
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