Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women.

Luis Leitão,Hugo Louro,Rhai André Arriel,Hiago L R De Souza,Ricardo Pace Junior,Moacir Marocolo,Ana Pereira,Yuri Campos,Teresa Figueiredo,Mauro Mazini

doi:10.3390/ijerph19052871

Abstract

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in older women. Physical exercise training programs promote beneficial effects for health and quality of life. However, exercise interruption periods may be detrimental for the hemodynamic and lipidic profiles of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia (exercise group: 67.5 ± 5.4 years, 1.53 ± 3.42 m, 71.84 ± 7.45 kg) performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program (METP) during nine months, followed by a one-year detraining period (DT), while fourteen hypertensive older women (control group: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.56 ± 3.10 m, 69.38 ± 5.24 kg) with dyslipidemia kept their continued daily routine without exercise. For both groups, hemodynamic and lipidic profiles and functional capacities (FCs) were assessed four times: before and after the METP and after 3 and 12 months of DT (no exercise was carried out). Results: The METP improved hemodynamic and lipidic profiles (p < 0.05), while three months of DT decreased all (p < 0.05) parameters, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%) and FC—agility (4.24%), lower- (−12.75%) and upper-body strength (−12.17%), cardiorespiratory capacity (−4.81%) and lower- (−16.16%) and upper-body flexibility (−11.11%). Conclusion: Nine months of the exercise program significantly improved the hemodynamic and lipid profiles as well as the functional capacities of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Although a detraining period is detrimental to these benefits, it seems that the first three months are more prominent in these alterations.

Highlights

Sedentary and rarely active lifestyles promote negative adaptations in the health of elderly women, contributing to the aggregation of declines caused by the aging process, and are considered one of the most significant risk factors for global mortality [1–3]
To analyze the changes in functional capacities (FCs) and in the lipid and hemodynamic profiles of active hypertensive older women during 12 months of detraining, assessments were performed at baseline, 9 months post-training, 3 months post-detraining and 12 months post-detraining
The present twenty-one-month study demonstrates that a detraining of three to twelve months promotes negative effects on the blood pressures, triglycerides, total cholesterols and functional capacities of older women

Summary

Introduction

Sedentary and rarely active lifestyles promote negative adaptations in the health of elderly women, contributing to the aggregation of declines caused by the aging process, and are considered one of the most significant risk factors for global mortality [1–3]. Together with cardiovascular diseases, is the biggest cause of death in elderly women, and those whose risk factors are hypertension and dyslipidemia have factors that are necessary to take into account for a better quality of life in these age groups [4–6]. Knowing these deleterious effects, organizations worldwide, such as the American. One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%)

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion