Three Level Heterogeneous Zonal Stable Election Protocol for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Sensor battery limitation has always been the most challenging hurdle for wireless sensor networks. Many energy effcient routing protocols have been proposed to overcome this issue in homogeneous networks where sensor nodes start with the same initial energy. When sensor nodes have different amount of initial energy, the network is heterogeneous and it becomes complicated to design an energy effcient routing protocol to save nodes energy and prolong network lifetime. Herein, we propose a three level heterogeneous routing protocol to boost network stability period of wireless sensor networks. The network model splits up into five zones according to nodes initial energies and distance to base station. For data communication, the proposed model relies on two types of communications: Direct and Multi-Hop. The choice of the type of communication is made according to nodes initial energy and their distance to the base station. The clustering scheme is used just in the zones that contains nodes with higher energies. The simulation of our proposed scheme is done using Matlab simulator and the results are compared to the conventional heterogeneous routing protocols 3-level heterogeneous Stable Election Protocol and 3-level Modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy.