Abstract
AbstractTraditional criminal trials aim to determine the criminal liability of the defendant. In this type of criminal trial, the prosecutor is responsible for filing an indictment on behalf of the state. The court is responsible for hearing the case to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant and, if guilty, for making the sentencing decision. There was no separation between the conviction trial and the sentencing trial in a criminal trial in the past. The judge conducted a consecutive test to determine whether the defendant was guilty or not and to sentence the guilty defendant. Also, for procedural issues raised by the prosecution and the defense and for possible procedural defects in the trial, the courts usually neither held special hearings nor made specific decisions.
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