Abstract
Owing to the large ratio of consumption in the building sector, energy-saving strategies are required. Energy feedback is an energy-saving strategy that prompts consumers to change their energy-consumption behaviors. The strategy has been principally focused on providing energy-consumption information. However, the realization of energy savings using only consumption information remains limited. In this paper, a building-energy, three-dimensional (3D) visualization solution is thus proposed. The aim is to determine if the building manager will replace the facility after our recommendation to improve the building-energy efficiency derived from the energy information is given. This solution includes the process of diagnosing a building and providing a prediction of energy requirements if a building improvement effort is undertaken. Accurate diagnostic information is provided by real-time measurement data from sensors and building models using a close-range photogrammetry method, without depending on blueprints. The information is provided by employing visualization effects to increase the energy-feedback efficiency. The proposed strategy is implemented on two testbeds, and building diagnostics are performed accordingly. For the first testbed, the predicted energy improvement amount resulting from the facility upgrade is provided. The second testbed is provided with a 3D visualization of the energy information. The predicted value of energy improvement was derived from the improvement plan through energy diagnosis in each testbed as about 30% and as about 28%, respectively. Unlike existing systems, which provide only ambiguous data that lack quantitative information, this study is meaningful because it provides energy information with the aid of visualization effects before and after building improvements.
Highlights
In recent years, the expansion of power access and the industrialization and urbanization of China and India have led to a 30% increase in the energy demand forecast by 2040 [1].Energy-intensive countries such as those that are members of the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD) are striving to reduce their dependence on fossil energy, shift to renewable energies, and improve energy efficiency
Developed nations worldwide are reducing the proportion of fossil fuel use and increasing the proportion of renewable energy; older buildings remain less energy-efficient
Presenting energy efficiency improvement scenarios of buildings using energy simulations is meaningful in the concept of energy feedback because it suggests directions for improvement for these inefficient buildings
Summary
The expansion of power access and the industrialization and urbanization of China and India have led to a 30% increase in the energy demand forecast by 2040 [1].Energy-intensive countries such as those that are members of the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD) are striving to reduce their dependence on fossil energy, shift to renewable energies, and improve energy efficiency. Energies 2018, 11, 1736 in greenhouse gas emissions has led to abnormal weather phenomena in each region of the world, causing difficulties in coping with disasters and increasing the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters related to the climate [3,4,5]. Much of the energy produced is consumed in buildings, typically in the United States (US) and European Union (EU), with buildings accounting for more than 40% of the energy consumption [6,7]. This finding indicates that energy consumption in buildings has a direct effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Since the proportion of obsolete buildings around the world is increasing and because older buildings require up to eight times the amount of energy needed per square meter per year as that required by new buildings, the overall consumption is increasing [11]
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