Abstract
A set of benchmark problems is suggested for testing the accuracy and efficiency of numerical solutions for three-dimensional (3D) underwater sound propagation. The physical causes of the 3D propagation conditions considered in this talk include out-of-plane reflections from medium boundaries and interfaces and horizontal refractions caused by changes of the index of refraction in the medium. Five different propagation scenarios are suggested: (1) sound propagation in a slope environment, (2) nonlinear internal wave waveguides, (3) submarine canyons, (4) seamounts, and (5) 3D waveguides with surface waves and/or seafloor sand waves. Both idealized and realistic environments will be considered. To allow theoretical closed-form solutions, the model environments will be simplified to create idealized problems, such as an impenetrable wedge/slope model and a semi-circular waveguide with impenetrable boundaries. For the problems which do not have closed-form solutions, different numerical solutions will be generated for comparisons. The numerical methods focused in this talk include 3D parabolic-equation, normal mode and finite element methods, and discussions on other numerical techniques, such as ray tracing, wavenumber integration, finite difference, and boundary element methods, will also be provided. [Work supported by the ONR.]
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