Abstract
Analysis of the terrain using three-dimensional models offers a deep insight view of ground surface topography and terrain representation. The Chinara anticline is one of the main structures of NW-SE trends for the highly folded zone in northeastern Iraq. The objective of this study is to understand the interrelationship between topography and morphotectonic features using three-dimensional models. This research employed fourth generates principal raster derivative products from the DEM using ArcGIS. To understand the undulating of this anticline with the morphotectonic style, the adaptive equation has been suggested to determine the direction and amount of the main tectonic forces, which can be applied to other undulated anticlines. The values of northeastern and southwestern limbs undulating index UI are 11.7 and 7.8 respectively that indicates the strong tectonic force towards the northeast. Two listric faults have been conducted via the field survey that confirmed by remotely sensed interpretation and DEM products. These listric faults had an intensive impact in comparison with concluded strike-slip faults, and then the Chinara anticline would be less structural undulating in a region of vicinity syncline to Perat undulation. The morphotectonic landscapes reveal that the listric fault has branched into two parts, the first one extending to form the anticline and the other comprises the structural dilemma.
Highlights
Remote sensing and digital elevation model has been extensively used in geomorphological and geological studied and updating the tectonic setting for many regions on the world as well as, these techniques are used in the study of drainage basins and their geological and geomorphological implications (Al-Sulttani and Beg 2020) and (Fatah, et al, 2020)
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used to apply the topographical analysis of the Chinara anticline and to design a 3D model for the extraction of morphotectonic features in the study area
In Chinara anticline, multiple morphotectonic features were concluded by analyzing the digital elevation models with four terrain models, field investigations, and derived undulating equation as follows: 4.1
Summary
Remote sensing and digital elevation model has been extensively used in geomorphological and geological studied and updating the tectonic setting for many regions on the world as well as, these techniques are used in the study of drainage basins and their geological and geomorphological implications (Al-Sulttani and Beg 2020) and (Fatah, et al, 2020). The anticline has many features such as a sinuous and undulated axis, different drainage networks, broad wings, and some blind valleys. The southeastern part of the northeastern limb has a dense straight linear drainage pattern. Through Alka Village, the anticline is widening to the northwestern plunge in comparison to the other parts. The northwestern part of the northeastern limb of the anticline is recognized by a broad flexible drainage pattern.
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