Three-dimensional shock wave diffraction off a discontinuous edge

Abstract

The interaction of three-dimensional vortex flows was investigated through vortex shedding off a discontinuous edge. Two wedges of $$14.5^\circ $$ wedge angle (up and downstream edges) were separated by an offset. The size of the offset (5, 10, and 20 mm) and the Mach number (Mach 1.32, 1.42, and 1.6) were the key parameters investigated. Experimental images were taken and computational simulations were run; a close relation was found between the two. This enabled the three-dimensional effects of the flow to be studied and analysed. It was found, as the offset increased in size, the vortices shed off the up and downstream edges took a longer time to merge and the strength of the interaction was weaker. The vortex topology changed with a larger offset; the downstream vortex was thinner (in terms of cross-sectional diameter) adjacent to the offset, which is an indication of a change in density, than the rest of the vortex along the downstream diffraction edge. This particular feature was more prevalent at lower Mach numbers. The effect of a higher Mach number was to increase the rate of dissipation of the vortices, lengthen the shear layer due to the higher upstream velocity, and make the vortex profile elliptical.