Abstract

The formulations for three-dimensional (3D) scattering from uniaxial objects with a smooth boundary using a multiple infinitesimal dipole method (MIDM) are introduced. The proposed technique uses two sets of infinitesimal dipole triplets (IDTs), including three co-located orthogonally polarized electric infinitesimal dipoles, distributed inside and outside of a scatterer to construct simulated fields. The dyadic Green’s functions of uniaxial materials are deployed in the MIDM so as to obtain the simulated fields. The singularity issues in using the uniaxial dyadic Green’s functions, which cannot be solved analytically so far for a general uniaxial medium, can be easily eliminated by using the proposed MIDM. In comparison to the traditional single-layered distribution scheme of IDTs, the proposed multiple-layered distribution scheme can handle the scattering from uniaxial objects accurately and efficiently. Several numerical examples are presented to study bistatic radar cross section (RCS) responses under different scenarios. Excellent agreement is achieved by comparing numerical results with those obtained from commercial software packages, while the simulation performance including CPU time and required memory is drastically improved by using the MIDM when computing a general uniaxial material or a relatively larger object. The proposed technique has its merits on simplicity, conciseness and fast computation in comparison to existing numerical methods.

Highlights

  • The interaction between electromagnetic waves and anisotropic materials has received a great deal of attentions recently

  • We place a set of infinitesimal dipole triplets (IDTs) in regions 1 and 2

  • Since region 2 is occupied by the uniaxial material, the two Green’s functions, G2ee and G2me, in (6) are the uniaxial dyadic Green’s functions, corresponding to the electric and magnetic fields radiated into the region 2 by an electric point source, which read [24], [25]

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The interaction between electromagnetic waves and anisotropic materials has received a great deal of attentions recently. The volumetric integral equation (VIE)-based methods were introduced in [11]–[16], [23] to compute scattering performances from an arbitrarily shaped object made of a linear, lossy, and anisotropic material. A common basic concept of all these methods is that the scattered fields inside and outside of a scatterer are simulated by a set of equivalent sources respectively located outside and inside of the scatterer with a certain distance away from the physical boundary, rather than being formulated in terms of equivalent surface currents flowing on the physical surface In this case, no integrals have to be computed numerically which reduces the computation time and simplifies the problem formulation.

FORMULATION OF THE MIDM
FIELDS EXPRESSIONS IN REGIONS 1 AND 2
PLACEMENT OF IDTs
CONVERGENCE STUDY
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES AND OTHER DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

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