Abstract
The progressive and enhanced thermal mechanisms of nanoparticles has motivated researchers to give attention to this topic in recent years. The synthesizing and versatile applications of such materials include cooling and heating controlling processes, solar systems, energy production, nanoelectronics, hybrid-powered motors, cancer treatments, and renewable energy systems. Moreover, the bioconvection of nanofluids allows for some motivating applications in this era of bioengineering and biotechnology, such as biofuels, biosensors, and enzymes. With these interesting motivations and applications, this study elucidated upon the three-dimensional bioconvection flow of a Sisko fluid (base fluid) in the presence of a nanofluid over a stretched surface. The additional thermal features of radiation were also incorporated to modify the analysis. The rheological features of shear thinning and shear thickening that are associated with the Sisko nanofluid were comprehensively studied. The problem was formulated using highly nonlinear and coupled differential equations, which were numerically simulated via a shooting scheme. The salient physical applications of flow parameters were graphically underlined in view of shear-thinning and shear-thickening scenarios. The results showed that a decrease in velocity in the presence of buoyancy ratio forces was more conducive to the shear-thinning phenomenon. The increase in temperature profile due the thermal Biot number and surface heating source parameter seemed to be more inflated in the shear-thinning scenario. A lower motile microorganism profile was noted for the bioconvection Lewis number.
Highlights
The enhancement in the thermal efficiency of innumerable materials has drawn scientists’ attention due to these materials’ applications in engineering and industrial development
Chaudhuri and Rathore [5] reviewed an observational analysis of the pressure-driven flow and the temperature distribution of a Sisko fluid flowing across parallel plates with viscous dissipation
Waqas et al [31] investigated Darcy– Forchheimer nanofluid bioconvection flowing through the expansion of a cylinder/surface with modified thermal and mass transfer, activation energy, and gyrotactic microorganism characteristics
Summary
The enhancement in the thermal efficiency of innumerable materials has drawn scientists’ attention due to these materials’ applications in engineering and industrial development. Nabil and Mostapha [6] investigated the Hall current and Joule heating effects of a peristaltic flow of a Sisko fluid with moderate stenosis via a porous medium in the tapered artery with slip and convective process parameters. Waqas et al [31] investigated Darcy– Forchheimer nanofluid bioconvection flowing through the expansion of a cylinder/surface with modified thermal and mass transfer, activation energy, and gyrotactic microorganism characteristics. Wang et al [32] investigated the active Prandtl features of a bioconvective heat-formed magnetizing tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganisms, as well as second-order velocity slipping. Several researchers [33,34,35,36] have recently introduced a bioconvective swimming microorganism model to investigate the characteristics of heat transformation. A comprehensive physical quantitative analysis was performed for each flow parameter
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