Abstract
Bluetooth low-energy–based beacons have two different roles: “broadcasting” (by beacon device) and “receiving” (by sensing devices). It allows devices to receive information over a short distance. Thus, many researchers are actively investigating positioning methods that use beacons. However, the distance value of positioning in the existing methods is not always accurate. This article proposes a novel three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy–based beacons. While the conventional methods measure distances by obtaining two-dimensional coordinates [Formula: see text] through the received signal strength indicator value, the proposed method improves the measurement accuracy by obtaining three-dimensional coordinate values [Formula: see text]. Finally, while comparing the performance of this new method with that of existing methods, the proposed three-dimensional positioning system reduces the positioning error rate by 27.3% compared to the existing two-dimensional triangulation method.
Highlights
The interest in three-dimensional (3-D) networks has increased because of the appearance of autonomous aircrafts called as ‘‘Drones.’’ The term, 3D network, refers to the network which is operated in 3-D space
We proposed a new positioning system that is more efficient than the existing algorithms
The simulation compares the performance of the proposed method with the positioning with a single beacon and the previous 2-D triangulation method
Summary
The interest in three-dimensional (3-D) networks has increased because of the appearance of autonomous aircrafts called as ‘‘Drones.’’ The term, 3D network, refers to the network which is operated in 3-D space. The proposed system uses Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons to estimate the distance and calculate 3D coordinates based on 3-D triangulation. BLE4,5 is the general term applied to all two-way, near-field wireless communication technologies and products It was originally based on the Bluetooth 4.0 Core. Vision, infrared ray (IR), ultrasonic wave, WLAN (wireless local area network), and radio frequency identification (RFID) can be used as a baseline communication technology to develop a positioning system.[1] vision cameras and IR systems require a great deal of maintenance, repair costs, and high-cost system hardware. The proposed method uses BLE-based beacon technologies to develop a positioning system. Most of the previous methods use only the (x, y) 2-D coordinated triangulation to measure the location of target nodes. The proposed method measures the distance among beacons based on the signal strengths to increase the accuracy of positioning system. Section ‘‘Conclusion’’ presents conclusions and suggests future research directions
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