Abstract
The processes that take place within the Internal Ballistics cycle of an artillery round are highly influenced by geometric effects. They are also highly affected by the presence of a combination of energetic materials, such as the propellant, igniter, primer, and the combustible cartridge cases. For a more realistic simulation of these phenomena, a multidimensional and multicomponent numerical model is presented, based on adaptations and improvements of previous models of conservation equations, maintaining a two-phase, Eulerian–Eulerian approximation. A numerical method based on Finite Volumes and conservative flux schemes (Rusanov and AUSM+), with the ability to predict detonation effects, is proposed. As a result, a versatile 3D numerical code was obtained that was tested in the simulation of artillery firing with conventional and modular charges (MACS). Results show the code is able to characterize the heat and mass transfer of the different energetic materials during the combustion of the propellant and the cartridge cases, the gas expansion, and the projectile acceleration.
Highlights
The international panorama regarding propelling charges for artillery howitzers has changed in recent years with the invention, development, and qualification of Modular Artillery Charge Systems (MACS)
modular charges (MACS) are composed of modules formed by a solid casing, made of a combustible energetic material, which always contains the same amount of propellant, and a central hole that allows the rapid transmission of the initiating flame throughout the chamber [1,2]
Relying on an Interior Ballistics model for numerical simulation is always a great help in the process of designing and characterizing propelling charges. If this mathematical and numerical model can predict three-dimensional effects in the combustion process, this would be an advantage, and even more so for the design of modular charges where geometric effects are of utmost importance
Summary
The international panorama regarding propelling charges for artillery howitzers has changed in recent years with the invention, development, and qualification of Modular Artillery Charge Systems (MACS). The method to achieve different range zones using these projection charges consists of the use of different models of conventional charges (M4A2, M119A1, M203, etc.), which contain different propellants in different quantities, in accordance with the weapon system. Another option, when conventional charges are composed of several individual bags, is the addition/elimination of some of these units before introducing the charge into the chamber. On many occasions, these remaining bags must be eliminated on the battlefield or proving ground itself, with the several issues that this entails. MACS are composed of modules formed by a solid casing, made of a combustible energetic material (combustible cartridge case), which always contains the same amount of propellant, and a central hole that allows the rapid transmission of the initiating flame throughout the chamber [1,2]
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